Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a pale blue, clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide (a compound with an oxygen–oxygen single bond). It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent and antiseptic. It is the most friendly oxidizer, environmentally and chemically. Hydrogen peroxide is unstable and slowly decomposes in the presence of base or a catalyst. Hydrogen peroxide is most commonly available as a solution in water. For consumers, it is usually available from pharmacies at 3 and 6 wt% concentrations. The concentrations are sometimes described in terms of the volume of oxygen gas generated; one milliliter of a 20-volume solution generates twenty milliliters of oxygen gas when completely decomposed. For laboratory use, 30 wt% solutions are most common. Commercial grades from 70% to 98% are also available.
Specifications of Commercial Pure Hydrogen Peroxide 30%, 50% and 60%.

Hydrogen Peroxide Solution 60 per cent is also offered

Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (30 per cent) BP Grade
Ph. Eur. — 7722-84-1
Action and use: Antiseptic; deodorant.
When hydrogen peroxide is prescribed or demanded, Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (6  per cent) shall be dispensed or supplied.
DEFINITION
Content:  29.0 per cent m/m to 31.0 per cent m/m of H2O2.
1 volume of hydrogen peroxyde solution (30 per cent) corresponds to about 110  times its volume of oxygen. A suitable stabiliser may be added.
CHARACTERS
Appearance: Colourless, clear liquid.
IDENTIFICATION
A. To 1 mL add 0.2 mL of dilute sulfuric acid and 0.25 mL of 0.02 M potassium  permanganate. The solution becomes colourless with evolution of gas.
B. To 0.05 mL add 2 mL of dilute sulfuric acid, 2 mL of ether and 0.05 mL of  potassium chromate solution and shake. The ether layer is blue.
C. It complies with the requirement for the content of H2O2.
TESTS
Acidity: To 10 mL add 100 mL of water and 0.25 mL of methyl red solution. Not less than  0.05 mL and not more than 0.5 mL of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide is required to change  the colour of the indicator.
Organic stabilisers: Maximum 500 ppm.
Shake 20 mL with 10 mL of chloroform R and then with 2 quantities, each of 5 mL, of  chloroform R. Evaporate the combined chloroform layers under reduced pressure at a  temperature not exceeding 25 °C and dry in a desiccator. The residue weighs a  maximum of 10 mg.
Non-volatile residue: Maximum 2 g/L.
Allow 10 mL to stand in a platinum dish until all effervescence has ceased, cooling if  necessary. Evaporate to dryness on a water-bath and dry at 100-105C. The residue  weighs a maximum of 20 mg.
ASSAY
Dilute 1.00 g to 100.0 mL with water R. To 10.0 mL of this solution add 20 mL of  dilute sulfuric acid R. Titrate with 0.02 M potassium permanganate until a pink colour  is obtained. 1 mL of 0.02 M potassium permanganate is equivalent to 1.701 mg of H2O2 or 0.56  mL of oxygen.
Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution USP Grade
H2O2  — 34.01 — [7722-84-1]. 
Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution contains, in each 100 mL, not less than 2.5 g and not more than 3.5 g of H2O2. It contains not more than 0.05 percent of a suitable preservative or preservatives.
Packaging and storage: Preserve in tight, light-resistant containers, at controlled room temperature.
Identification: Shake 1 mL with 10 mL of water containing 1 drop of 2 N sulfuric acid, and add 2 mL of ether: the subsequent addition of a drop of potassium dichromate produces an evanescent blue color in the water layer which upon agitation and standing passes into the ether layer.
Acidity: To 25 mL add phenolphthalein, and titrate with 0.10 N sodium hydroxide: not more than 2.5 mL is required for neutralization.
Barium: To 10 mL add two drops of 2 N sulfuric acid: no turbidity or precipitate is produced within 10 minutes.
Heavy metals: Dilute 4 mL, previously shaken, with 20 mL of water, add 2 mL of 6 N ammonium hydroxide, and gently boil the solution until the volume is reduced to about 5 mL Dilute with water to 25 mL: the limit is 5 ppm.
Limit of nonvolatile residue: Evaporate 20 mL, previously shaken, on a steam bath to dryness, and dry the residue at 105C for 1 hour: the weight of the residue does not exceed 30 mg.
Limit of preservative: Extract 100 mL of well-mixed Topical Solution in a separator with a mixture of 3 volumes of chloroform and 2 volumes of ether, using 50 mL, 25 mL, and 25 mL, respectively. Evaporate the combined extracts at room temperature in a tared glass dish to dryness, and dry over silica gel for 2 hours: the residue, if any, weighs not more than 50 mg (0.05%).
Assay: Pipet 2 mL of Topical Solution into a suitable flask containing 20 mL of water. Add 20 mL of 2 N sulfuric acid, and titrate with 0.1 N potassium permanganate. Each mL of 0.1 N potassium permanganate is equivalent to 1.701 mg of H2O2.
Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrate USP Grade
H2O2 — 34.01 — [7722-84-1].
Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrate contains not less than 29.0 percent and not more than 32.0 percent, by weight, of H2O2. It contains not more than 0.05 percent of a suitable preservative or preservatives.
Packaging and storage: Preserve in partially-filled containers having a small vent in the closure, and store in a cool place.
Labeling: Label it to indicate the name and amount of any added preservative. The label states that this article is not intended for direct administration to humans or animals.
Acidity: Dilute 25 g with water to 250 mL, and mix thoroughly. Take 25 mL of the solution, add phenolphthalein, and titrate with 0.10 N sodium hydroxide: not more than 2.5 mL is required for neutralization.
Chloride: 1.5 g diluted with water to 25 mL shows no more chloride than 0.10 mL of 0.020 N hydrochloric acid (0.005%).
Other requirements: It responds to the Identification test and meets the requirements of the tests for Nonvolatile residue, Heavy metals, and Limit of preservative (90 mL of it being used) under Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution.
Assay: Accurately weigh about 1 mL of Concentrate in a tared 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix. To 20.0 mL of this solution add 20 mL of 2 N sulfuric acid, and titrate with 0.1 N potassium permanganate VS. Each mL of 0.1 N potassium permanganate is equivalent to 1.701 mg of H2O2.
Hydrogen Peroxide FCC Food Grade
H2O2 — Formula wt 34.01 — CAS: [7722-84-1]
DESCRIPTION
Hydrogen Peroxide occurs as a clear, colorless liquid. The grades of Hydrogen Peroxide suitable for food use usually have a concentration between 30% and 50%. It is miscible with water.
Note: Although Hydrogen Peroxide undergoes exothermic decomposition in the presence of dirt and other foreign materials, it is safe and stable under recommended conditions of handling and storage. Information on safe handling and use may be obtained from the supplier.
Function: Bleaching, oxidizing agent; starch modifier; antimicrobial agent.
REQUIREMENTS
Identification: Shake 1 mL of sample with 10 mL of water containing 1 drop of 2 N sulfuric acid, and add 2 mL of ether. The subsequent addition of a drop of potassium dichromate produces an evanescent blue color in the water layer that upon agitation and standing passes into the ether layer.
Assay: Not less than the labeled concentration or within the range stated on the label.
Acidity: (as H2SO4) Not more than 0.03%.
Iron: Not more than 0.5 mg/kg.
Lead: Not more than 4 mg/kg.
Phosphate: Not more than 0.005%.
Residue on Evaporation: Not more than 0.006%.
Tin: Not more than 10 mg/kg.
Hydrogen Peroxide ACS Reagent Grade
H2O2 — Formula Wt 34.01 — CAS Number 7722-84-1
NOTE. This reagent should be stored in a cool place in containers with a vent in the stopper. The assay requirement applies to material stored properly for a reasonable time.

REQUIREMENTS
Assay: 29.0-32.0% H2O2
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
Color (APHA): 10
Residue after evaporation: 0.002%
Titrable acid: 0.0006 meq/g
Chloride (Cl): 3 ppm
Nitrate (NO3): 2 ppm
Phosphate (PO4): 2 ppm
Sulfate (SO4): 5 ppm
Ammonium (NH4): 5 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb): 1 ppm
Iron (Fe): 0.5 ppm

For Original Monographs of IP Indian Pharmacopoeia BP British Pharmacopoeia USP US Pharmacopoeia FCC Food Grade product, please check with the respective web-pages or books.