Phenol

Phenol or Carbolic acid or Benzenol or Hydroxybenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.

General Properties and Specifications of Phenol or Benzenol or Carbolic acid or Benzenol or Hydroxybenzene:
Appearance: Transparent crystalline solid
Odor: Sweet and tarry.
Assay: 99% minimum.
Relative density: about 1.07
Melting point: 41C literature.
Boiling point: 182C literature.
Flash point: 79C.
Solubility: Appreciably soluble in water.

Phenol USP Grade Specifications:
C6H6O --- 94.11
Phenol CAS Number 108-95-2.

DEFINITION
Phenol contains NLT 99.0% and NMT 100.5% of phenol (C6H6O), calculated on the anhydrous basis. It may contain a suitable stabilizer.

IDENTIFICATION
[Caution— Avoid contact with skin because serious burns may result.]
A.
Analysis: To a solution add bromine.
Acceptance criteria: A white precipitate is formed, and it dissolves at first but becomes permanent as more of the reagent is added.
B.
Sample solution: 1 in 100
Analysis: To 10 mL of the Sample solution add 1 drop of ferric chloride.
Acceptance criteria: A violet color is produced.

Limit of Non-volatile Residue:
Sample: 5 g
Analysis: Heat the Sample in a tared porcelain dish on a steam bath until it has evaporated and dry the residue at 105C for 1 h.
Acceptance criteria: NMT 0.05%
Clarity of Solution and Reaction:
Sample solution: 1 in 15
Acceptance criteria: The Sample solution is clear, and it is neutral or acid to litmus paper.
Congealing Temperature: NLT 39C.
Water Determination: NMT 0.5%
Packaging and Storage: Preserve in tight, light-resistant containers.
Labelling: Label it to indicate the name and amount of any substance added as a stabilizer.

Phenol BP Ph Eur Grade Specifications:

C6H6O --- 94.1 --- 108-95-2
Action and use: Antiseptic; antimicrobial preservative; antipruritic.

DEFINITION
Content: 99.0 per cent to 100.5 per cent.

CHARACTERS
Appearance: Colourless or faintly pink or faintly yellowish, crystals or crystalline masses, deliquescent.
Solubility: Soluble in water, very soluble in ethanol (96 per cent), in glycerol and in methylene chloride.

IDENTIFICATION
A. Dissolve 0.5 g in 2 mL of concentrated ammonia. The substance dissolves completely. Dilute to about 100 mL with water. To 2 mL of this solution add 0.05 mL of strong sodium hypochlorite solution. A blue colour develops and becomes progressively more intense.
B. To 1 mL of solution S (see Tests) add 10 mL of water and 0.1 mL of ferric chloride solution. A violet colour is produced which disappears on addition of 5 mL of 2-propanol.
C. To 1 mL of solution S add 10 mL of water and 1 mL of bromine water. A white precipitate is formed.

TESTS
Solution S: Dissolve 1.0 g in water and dilute to 15 mL with the same solvent.
Appearance of solution: Solution S is clear and not more intensely coloured than reference solution.
Acidity: To 2 mL of solution S add 0.05 mL of methyl orange solution. The solution is yellow.
Freezing point: Minimum 39.5C.
Residue on evaporation: Maximum 0.05 per cent.
Evaporate 5.000 g to dryness on a water-bath and dry at 100-105 °C for 1 h. The residue weighs a maximum of 2.5 mg.

Phenol Analytical Reagent Grade Specifications:
C6H5OH --- Formula Weight 94.11
CAS Number 108-95-2
NOTE. Phenol that conforms to this specification may contain a stabilizer. If a stabilizer is present, its presence should be stated on the label.

REQUIREMENTS
Assay: 99% C6H5OH
Freezing point: Not below 40.5C (dry basis).
Clarity of solution: Passes test.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
Residue after evaporation: 0.05%
Water: 0.5%

Certifications :
We manufacture Bulk Drugs / API, Excipients, Pharmaceuticals (IP/BP/USP/NF/Ph. Eur, JP/ CP), Speciality Chemicals(Pure/AR/ACS), Mineral Fortifiers, Food Chemical Codex (FCC) and Flavour chemicals. Our manufacturing facility is cGMP, GLP, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 22000, ISO/IEC 17025, FSSC 22000, FSSAI, Kosher, HALAL, EXCiPACT, WC, COPP, WHO-GMP and WC certified. We are also REACH registered for export to European countries.