Acetone

Acetone (systematically named propanone) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. It is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, and is the simplest and smallest ketone. Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important solvent in its own right, typically for cleaning purposes in laboratories. Familiar household uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover, and as paint thinner.

Acetone BP Grade
Ph Eur monograph
C3H6O --- 58.08 --- 67-64-1

DEFINITION
Propanone.

CHARACTERS
Appearance: Volatile, clear, colourless liquid.
Solubility: Miscible with water and with ethanol (96 per cent). The vapour is flammable.

IDENTIFICATION
A. It complies with the test for relative density (see Tests).
B. To 1 ml, add 3 ml of dilute sodium hydroxide solution and 0.3 ml of a 25 g/l solution of sodium nitroprusside. An intense red colour is produced which becomes violet with the addition of 3.5 ml of acetic acid.
C. To 10 ml of a 0.1 per cent V/V solution of the substance to be examined in ethanol (50 per cent V/V), add 1 ml of a 10 g/l solution of nitrobenzaldehyde in ethanol (50 per cent V/V) and 0.5 ml of strong sodium hydroxide solution. Allow to stand for about 2 min and acidify with acetic acid. A greenish-blue colour is produced.

TESTS
Appearance of solution: To 10 ml add 10 ml of water. The solution is clear and colourless.
Acidity or alkalinity: To 5 ml add 5 ml of carbon dioxide-free water, 0.15 ml of phenolphthalein solution and 0.5 ml of 0.01 M sodium hydroxide. The solution is pink. Add 0.7 ml of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid and 0.05 ml of methyl red solution. The solution is red or orange.
Relative density: 0.790 to 0.793.
Reducing substances: To 30 ml add 0.1 ml of 0.02 M potassium permanganate and allow to stand in the dark for 2 h. The mixture is not completely decolourised.
Related substances: Gas chromatography. To pass the test (0.05 per cent V/V).
Matter insoluble in water: Dilute 1.0 ml to 20 ml with water. The solution is clear.
Residue on evaporation: Maximum 50 ppm.
Water: Maximum 3 g/l, determined on 10.0 ml. Use 20 ml of anhydrous pyridine as solvent.

STORAGE
Protected from light.

IMPURITIES
Specified impurities A, B, C.
A. CH3-OH: methanol,
B. CH3-CHOH-CH3: propan-2-ol (isopropanol),
C. C6H6: benzene.

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Acetone USP NF Grade
C3H6O 58.08
2-Propanone.
Acetone [67-64-1].

Acetone contains not less than 99.0 percent of C3H6O, calculated on the anhydrous basis.
[Caution—Acetone is very flammable. Do not use where it may be ignited. ]

Identification: The IR absorption spectrum of a thin film of it between potassium bromide plates exhibits a strong band at about 5.8 µm; a strong region of absorption between 6.8 and 7.5 µm, with maxima at about 7.0 and 7.3 µm; a strong maximum at about 8.2 µm; and weak maxima at about 9.2 and 11.0 µm.
Specific gravity: not more than 0.789.
Water: To pass the test (0.5%).
Nonvolatile residue: Evaporate 50 mL in a tared porcelain dish on a steam bath, and dry at 105C for 1 hour: the weight of the residue does not exceed 2 mg (0.004%).
Readily oxidizable substances: Mix 20 mL with 0.10 mL of 0.10 N potassium permanganate in a glass-stoppered bottle: the permanganate color of the mixture does not completely disappear within 15 minutes.

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Acetone FCC Food Grade Grade
2-Propanone; Dimethyl Ketone
CH3COCH3
C3H6O Formula wt 58.08
CAS: [67-64-1]

DESCRIPTION
Acetone occurs as a clear, colorless, volatile liquid. It is miscible with water, with alcohol, with ether, with chloroform, and with most volatile oils.
Caution: Acetone is highly flammable.
Function: Extraction solvent.

REQUIREMENTS
Identification: Mix 0.1 mL of sample with 10 mL of water, add 5 mL of 1 N sodium hydroxide, warm, and add 5 mL of iodine. A yellow precipitate of iodoform forms.
Assay: Not less than 99.5% and not more than 100.5% of C3H6O, by weight.
Acidity: (as acetic acid) Not more than 0.002%.
Aldehydes (as formaldehyde): Not more than 0.002%.
Alkalinity (as ammonia): Not more than 10 mg/kg.
Distillation Range: Within a range of 1°, including 56.1°.
Lead: Not more than 1 mg/kg.
Methanol: Not more than 0.05%.
Nonvolatile Residue: Not more than 10 mg/kg.
Phenols: Passes test.
Refractive Index: Between 1.358 and 1.360.
Solubility in Water: Passes test.
Specific Gravity: Not greater than 0.7880 at 25°/25° (equivalent to 0.7930 at 20°/20°).
Substances Reducing Permanganate: Passes test.
Water: Not more than 0.5%.

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Acetone Analytical Reagent Grade
2-Propanone
(CH3)2CO --- Formula Wt 58.08
CAS Number 67-64-1

Suitable for use in ultraviolet spectrophotometry or general use. Product labeling shall designate the one or more of those uses for which suitability is represented on the basis of meeting the relevant requirements and tests. The ultraviolet spectrophotometry requirements include all of the requirements for general use.

REQUIREMENTS
Assay: 99.5% (CH3)2CO

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
Color (APHA): 10
Residue after evaporation: 0.001%
Solubility in water: Passes test
Titrable acid: 0.0003 meq/g
Titrable base: 0.0006 meq/g
Aldehyde (as HCHO): 0.002%
Isopropyl alcohol: 0.05%
Methanol: 0.05%
Substances reducing permanganate: Passes test
Water: 0.5%

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